Project Management
10. Project Stakeholder Management
A. Identify Stakeholders
Identify Stakeholders is the process of identifying stakeholders regularly and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interest, interdependencies, influences, and potential impact on project success
The chance of project success is higher if the process of stakeholder identification and engagement starts on time,
a. Input
i. Project Charter
ii. Project Management Plan
iii. Business Documents
iv. Project Documents
v. Agreements
vi. Enterprise Environmental Factors
vii. Organizational Process Assets
b. Tools
i. Expert Judgement
ii. Data Gathering
iii. Data Analysis
iv. Data Representation
v. Meetings
vi. Matrix Models
vii. Classification
c. Output
i. Stakeholder Register
ii. Change Request
iii. Project Management Plan Update
iv. Project Documents Update
B. Plan Stakeholder Engagement
a. Input
i. Project Charter
ii. Project Management Plan
iii. Stakeholder Register
iv. Assumptions Log
v. Project Documents
vi. Agreements
vii. Enterprise Environmental Factors
viii. Organizational Process Assets
b. Tools
i. Expert Judgement
ii. Data Gathering
iii. Data Analysis
iv. Data Representation
v. Decision Making
vi. Meetings
c. Output
i. Stakeholder Engagement Plan
C. Manage Stakeholder Engagement
Process of communicating and working with the stakeholders to meet their needs and expectations, address issues and foster appropriate stakeholder involvement.
a. Input
i. Project Charter
ii. Project Management Plan
iii. Project Documents
a. Change logs
b. Issue logs
c. Stakeholder register
iv. Enterprise Environmental Factors
v. Organizational Process Assets
b. Tools
i. Expert Judgement
ii. Ground Rules
iii. Data Gathering
iv. Communication Skills
v. Meetings
c. Output
i. Change Request
ii. Project Management Plan Updates
iii. Project Documents Updates
D. Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Process of monitoring project stakeholder relationship and tailoring strategies for engaging stakeholders through modifications of engagement strategies and plans.
a. Input
i. Project Charter
ii. Project Management Plan
iii. Project Documents
iv. Work Performance Data
v. Enterprise Environmental Factors
vi. Organizational Process Assets
b. Tools
i. Data Gathering
ii. Data Analysis
iii. Data Representation
iv. Communication Skills
v. Meetings
c. Output
i. Work Performance Information
ii. Change Request
iii. Project Management Plan Updates
iv. Project Documents Updates
A stakeholder is an individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by or perceived to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio and can have a positive or negative impact.
All Stakeholders must be engaged with
· Project Managers
· Project Team Members
· Senior Management
· Sponsors
· Customers
· End Users
· Vendors & Suppliers
· People affected by project output
· Competitors
· Social Groups
· Government
· Political Leadership
Stakeholder Classification
Grid of Stakeholder Power
The power, interest, influence, and impact that stakeholders have on projects can be mapped through
· power/interest,
· power/influence, or
· influence/impact grids
· Salience Models
______________________
l Keep I Manage I
l Them I Them l Power
l Satisfied I Closely l l ____________________l_
l Monitor l Keep Them l
l Them l Informed l
l_____________________
Interest
Salience Models describe the classes of stakeholders based on their:
· Power
o Ability to impose their will
· Urgency
o Need of immediate attention
· Legitimacy
o Appropriateness of their involvement
Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix helps in visualizing the current and desired state of a stakeholder involvement in a project.
· Unaware - not aware of project and its impact
· Resistant – is aware of the impact and is resistant to change
· Neutral – is aware of project but not supportive or resistant
· Supportive – is aware of project and is supportive of change
· Leading ---- is aware of project and actively engaged in project success
Stakeholder Unaware Resistant Neutral Supportive Leading
1 C D
2 C D
3 C D
4 C D
C = Current Engagement
D = Desired Engagement
Stakeholder Management Skills
Project Managers need to demonstrate the following traits, while managing stakeholders:
· Inter-personal Skills
o Building trust
o Resolving conflict
o Active Listening
o Over-coming resistance to change
· Managerial Skills
o Facilitate consensus
o Influence People
o Negotiate Agreements
o Modify Organizational Behavior
